Most people in most countries around the world drink alcoholic beverages, at least occasionally.¹ There are clear patterns in abstaining from alcohol. Within any country, women are less likely than men to drink. Also there are often wide variations in abstention based on religion, social class, geographic region, and cultural tradition.

Religion is the most common reason for abstaining from alcohol. Another reason  is health or medical. Some people don’t drink because of a personal or family history of alcoholism. Others abstain because they are taking certain medications, because they are pregnant, or for other health reasons. Other common reasons for not drinking include moral objections, fear of loss of control, cultural or family tradition, and dislike of the taste of alcoholic beverages.

Abstainers often face social pressure to drink. In France, for example, an abstainer is generally scorned because “he or she is presumed to be dour, a kill-joy, and even likely to be critical of any enjoyment that others may have.” In Chile, “an abstainer is generally distrusted. People  assume that the only reason one might not drink is to take advantage of others when they have had too much to drink.” ²

Of course, it’s impolite to ask abstainers why they don’t drink. Naturally, they should never, ever be pressured to consume alcohol. Good hosts provide a variety of appealing non-alcohol beverages for the enjoyment of any guests who choose not to drink.

Graphics

This graph shows the proportion of abstainers in a selection of Western countries. ³

Abstention in the U.S. is closely associated with educational level. The more educated they are, the more likely people are to consume alcohol. ⁴

Abstention in the U.S. is also closely associated with social status. ⁵ The higher the social class, the lower the abstention, as this graphic illustrates. However, alcohol-related problems decline with higher status.

Research by economist Christopher Auld of the University of Calgary indicates that Canadian men who drink alcohol earn about 10% more than abstainers. ⁶ His study took into account or controlled for age, education, occupation, region and health. This suggests that males who drink may be more economically productive than abstainers. Other research indicates that abstainers tend to be more unhealthy, ⁷ to suffer more acute hospitalization, ⁸ and to be absent more from employment. ⁹ Professor Auld notes that his findings are similar to those found in Britain and the U.S.

Teetotal Trivia

The terms alcohol abstainer and non-drinker are self-evident. However, teetotaler is not. A teetotaler is an abstainer or non-drinker who never consumes any alcohol. Such a person practices teetotalism, and is a teetotal person.

It’s natural to assume that the term teetotaler derives from the fact that abstainers “totally drink tea.”  That is, instead of drinking alcohol. However, there’s a more plausible explanation. It’s based on the fact that in the early 1800s it was common to repeat the initial letter of a word for emphasis. Most sources agree that the first use of “teetotal” for non-drinkers was in a speech by Richard Turner. He was a member of the British Temperance Society. In the speech he urged everyone to abstain tee-totally from all alcohol. ¹⁰

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