Drinking alcohol and traumatic injury deaths. Does alcohol improve survival? Evidence strongly suggests that alcohol reduces death from traumatic injury. The reason may be that alcohol reduces damaging inflamation.
Overview
I. Traumatic Brain Injury
II. General Traumatic Injury
III. Resources
Most research finds that a positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) helps patients survive traumatic injury. This is true for traumatic brain injury patients. And it’s also true for those with other traumatic injuries.
For instance, researchers studied over 38,000 patients with severe traumatic brain injuries. They found that those who tested positive for BAC were much more likely to survive. That’s compared to those with no alcohol in their bodies.
The link between and survival remained after considering age, severity of injury, and other relevant factors.1
I. Traumatic Brain Injury
Toronto
Scientists in Toronto found that people who had low BACs before a head injury were 24% less likely to die than are those with no BAC.
The after-effects such as swelling lead to more damage. This “secondary brain injury” can disable or kill the patient. But low BAC reduces secondary brain damage.
The scientists suggest that alcohol might become part of the treatment for some patients if they have no BAC.2
California
Researchers made a lage study of brain injury in California. They found that as the BAC increased, deaths went down. That, in spite of an important fact. Those with higher BAC tended to have more serious injuries. Yet when this and other factors were controlled, a positive BAC was still strongly linked with survival.3
Glasgow
Researchers studied 38 consecutive head-injured patients at Glasgow hospitat. They found that BAC level had no impact on the outcome in such patients.4
Taiwan
Researchers analyzed 3,628 patients with head injuries at an urban level I trauma center. Of these, 556 had a positive BAC. Patients with low BAC (up to 0.08) had lower death rates. As did those with high BAC (0.10 or higher). But those with a BAC over 0.80 and up to 0.10 had higher death rates.5
Los Angeles
Researchers studied data from patients with traumatic brain injury. They had been entered into the LA County Trauma System database. A total of 7,304 patients were studied with 3,219 testing positive for BAC. Those with alcohol in their systems had much higher survival rates.6
The same rersearch team again studied patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury. They had also been entered into the same database. But the researchers studied those who had been entered during a different four year period. BACs at time of hospital admission ranged from zero to over 0.23. The researchers controlled for relevant factors. As BAC increased, the death rate dropped.7
80 Patients
Scientists studied 80 patients with severe traumatic brain injury. High BACs at hospital admission did not have any impact on outcomes.8
II. General Traumatic Injuries
Los Angeles
Researchers studied all traffic crash patients treated in any of the 13 trauma centers in Los Angeles County. They did so for all 3,025 patients admitted during one calendar year. All had alcohol screening on admission.
The researchers found the survival rate much higher among those of with a BAC of 0.08 or higher.9
Level I Trauma Center
Researchers studied trauma patients admitted to an urban Level I trauma center over a five-year period. All were tested for BAC on admission. The researchers found a positive BAC linked to higher mortality.10
7,985 Patients
Other researchers looked at 7,985 patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center. Eight percent had a positive BAC. Those patients had a 1% mortality rate. On the other hand, those with no alcohol in their blood had a 7% death rate.
Researchers adjusted for age and other factors. However, the protective effect of alcohol remained.11
1,198 Patients
Scientists studied 1,198 patients admitted to the emergency room for traumatic injuries. BAC was tested upon admission. Mortality was much lower in those who had been drinking. There were no other significant differences between posttive and negative BAC groups.12
III. Resources: Alcohol and Traumatic Injury Deaths
Web
Books
Endnotes
- Salim, A., et al. Positive serum ethanol level and mortality in moderate to severe traumatic brain injury, Arch Surg, 144(9), 865-871.
- Tien, H., et al. Association between alcohol and mortality in patients with severe traumatic head injury. Arch Surg, 141, 1185-91.
- Kraus, J., et al. Blood alcohol tests and outcomes following brain injury. Am J Pub Health, 79(3), 294-9.
- Nath, F., et al. Alcohol and traumatic brain damage. Injur, 17(3), 150-3.
- Lin, H-S., et al. The effect of alcohol intoxication on mortality of blunt head injury. BioMed Res Int.
- Berry, C., et al. Serum ethanol levels in patients with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury influence outcomes. Am Surg, 76(10), 1067–70.
- Berry, C., et al. Correlating the blood alcohol concentration with outcome after traumatic brain injury. Too much is not a bad thing. Am Surg, 77(10), 1416–19.
- Alexander, S. The effects of admission alcohol level on outcomes after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotraum, 21(5), 575–83, 2004.
- Plurad, D., et al. Motor vehicle crashes: the association of alcohol consumption with outcomes. J Emerg Med, 38(1), 12–17.
- Swearingen, A., et al. Extreme blood alcohol level is associated with increased resource use. Am Surg, 76(1), 20–24.
- Yaghoubian, A., et al. Elevated blood alcohol level may be protective of trauma patient mortality. Am Surg, 75(10), 950-953.
- Ward, R., et al. Effects of ethanol ingestion on the outcome of trauma. Am J Surg, 144(1), 153-7.
Note
- This site gives no advice. That includes the subject of alcohol and traumatic injury deaths.